Ozone can play an effective sterilizing role in many environments, but the realization of its maximum effect is related to the following factors:

1. Water Quality Environment: In the field of water treatment, ozone can exert the greatest sterilization effect in water. Factors such as organic matter, microbial species, and water pH value present in the water will affect the bactericidal effect of ozone. Generally, clear water with little organic matter is more likely to allow ozone to exert its bactericidal effect, because organic matter may compete with ozone and reduce its effectiveness.

2. Temperature: Higher water temperature is usually conducive to strengthening the sterilization effect of ozone. In warm water, the metabolism of microorganisms is more active, so ozone is more likely to react with them and accelerate the killing of microorganisms.

3. Contact time and ozone concentration: Longer contact time and sufficient ozone concentration are important factors to ensure maximum sterilization effect. Longer exposure allows ozone to react more completely with microorganisms, while higher concentrations of ozone can inactivate microorganisms more quickly and completely.

From a biological perspective, ozone mainly affects microorganisms through oxidation. Ozone molecules react with biomolecules such as microbial cell membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids, causing oxidative damage. These reactions can interfere with the metabolic activities of microorganisms, block intracellular signaling and cell division, and ultimately lead to the death of microorganisms.

To sum up, in an environment with clear water quality and suitable temperature, ozone can maximize its sterilization effect by providing sufficient ozone concentration and sufficient contact time. Its mechanism is mainly through oxidative destruction of microbial cell structures and biomolecules, thereby achieving the elimination of harmful microorganisms.