Basic knowledge about ozone
As early as the 19th century, people recognized the special role of ozone: as a strong oxidant, disinfectant, fine preparation, catalyst, etc., ozone has been widely used in water treatment, medicine and health, petrochemical, food, papermaking and spice purification. multiple departments
The application of ozone has penetrated into many fields for more than a hundred years and made important contributions to the development of human production technology. Ozone is divided into four fields according to its uses: water quality treatment, medicine, chemical oxidation, food processing and maintenance. The applied research and equipment development in each field have reached a very high level. The world has formed independent ozone technology industries and sectors. The International Ozone Association (IOA) was founded in 1973 and is headquartered in Canada. The association holds an international conference every two years to exchange documents and reports on ozone technology developments in several countries. Developed countries have usually established regional IOA organizations for academic exchanges.
After World War II, international ozone application technology has made great progress. First, in 1902, the first large-scale water treatment plant was built in Paderborn, Germany, to treat water with ozone, setting a precedent for using ozone to treat water. There are now thousands of ozone water plants around the world. The application of ozone in water conservancy projects in the country has reached a popular level. Almost all mineral water and purified water manufacturers are equipped with ozone equipment. The United States began using ozone to treat domestic wastewater in the early 1970s, mainly for sterilization, removal of pollutants and discoloration to meet emission standards. In Japan, wastewater is used as recycled water for ozone treatment in water-scarce areas. In recent years, large-scale ozone wastewater treatment plants have been established in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries. Secondly, the industrial applications of ozone have also become very common, mainly used in the chemical, petroleum, paper, textile and pharmaceutical industries for perfumes. Applications in the food industry are more popular. In 1904, ozone was used to preserve fresh foods such as milk, meat products, cheese and proteins. In the late 1930s, 80% of refrigerated egg storage rooms in the United States had ozone generators installed. After World War II, Europe, the United States, and Japan used ozone to protect food, fruits, and vegetables in all aspects of storage, manufacturing, and transportation. In medical terms, Japan used ozone for human physical therapy during World War II, while Russia used ozone for athletes with strong gases (ozonated air).
Currently, there are many uses in the international medical field: for example, disinfecting the air in rooms and operating theaters, using ozone water to sterilize medical instruments, using ozone to treat dental diseases (oral surgery and oral diseases). Keep the mouth sterile), combine ozone and radiation physical therapy with cancer treatment, use ozone water to clean gynecological diseases, inject ozone gas to treat fistulas, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, etc. In terms of medical care, Japan and Taiwan are popular for inhaling strong air (air with low ozone content) to strengthen the body, flushing the body with ozone water to kill bacteria, and beauty treatments. The popular beauty of high technology is actually the application of ozone.
In addition, in the "Technical Specifications for Disinfection" issued by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China in 1991, there are clear regulations on the bactericidal effect, scope and use methods of ozone. Among them, the bactericidal effect of ozone has been clearly confirmed: "4.12.2 Bactericidal effect: Ozone is a broad-spectrum bactericide that can kill bacterial propagules and spores, viruses, fungi, etc., and can destroy botulinum toxin. Ozone sterilizes water faster than chlorine. “These are national standards for sanitation and disinfection, which provide strong support for the promotion of ozone disinfection technology.
Broad-spectrum sterilization effect of ozone
Since humans discovered and used ozone, scientists have been testing the sterilization performance of ozone. There are many test reports in this area, which are reviewed below from several aspects.
Ozone affects bacterial propagules
Li Huaien and others observed the killing effect of ozone gas on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the air. At 15°C, humidity 73%, and ozone concentration 0.08-0.6ppm, the killing rate reaches more than 99.9% within 30 minutes; Wu Xuezhou and others tested that ozone killed 100% of E. coli and 100% of Staphylococcus aureus. 95.9%, and the killing rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 89.8%. Gu Shiqi et al. tested and found that the killing rates of ozone for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 99.7% and 99.9% respectively. Ju Xijuan and others have tested that ozone can kill 99.99% of Staphylococcus albus in the air; Burleson and others have tested that ozone gas was introduced into bacteria contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, and dysentery flexneri. Bacillus and Vibrio cholerae in phosphate buffer, after 15 seconds of action, all the above bacteria were killed; Bai Xiyao et al. found that ozone aqueous solution has a powerful bactericidal effect and is extremely fast. An ozone aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.3 mg/L acts for 1 minute. The killing rate of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 100%.
Ozone affects bacterial spores
Qu Falin and others reported that under the action of 5.5 mg/m3 of ozone for 45 minutes, 100% of the black variant spores of Bacillus subtilis dyed in a 100 mL plastic bottle could be killed; Ju Xijuan and others reported that in a 1 m3 test cabinet, 500 mg/m3 of ozone was turned on. h ozone generator can kill 99.95% of Bacillus subtilis black variant spores in the air in 60 minutes; Ouyang Chuan et al. passed ozone gas into contaminated well water under dynamic test conditions, and the ozone concentration reached 3.8-4.6mg /L, after 3-10 minutes of action, the killing rate of Bacillus subtilis black variant spores in water reaches 99.999%.
Ozone on viruses
Li Shaochen et al.’s experiments found that after 30 minutes of ozone treatment at a concentration of 10.3mg/m3, the titer of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) dropped from 1:256 to 1:64. Shi Jiang et al. reported that using ozone at a concentration of 13.6mg/m3 for 30 minutes can destroy 99.99% of HbsAg, and using hepatitis A virus antigen (HAAg) to destroy 100%; Wolo et al. have experimentally proven that 0.5ppm ozone can inactivate hepatitis A in the air. 99% of influenza viruses; Herbold et al. reported that in 20°C water with an ozone concentration of 0.13mg/L, poliovirus type I (PVI) can be inactivated 100%. Ozone inactivates viruses very quickly. When the ozone concentration is 0.09mg/L-0.8mg/L, phage T2 can be inactivated by 5-7 log values within the first 5 seconds of the reaction. Finch found that when the ozone concentration in water is 40 μg/L, it can inactivate Escherichia coli phage ms2 by 4 log values for 20 seconds. Vaughn et al. compared the inactivation effect of ozone on simian rotavirus SA-H and human rotavirus type 2 at 4°C and found that both viruses could be rapidly inactivated by 0.25 mg/L ozone. Crpend et al. tested the inactivation of HIV in serum after ozone treatment and proved that when the ozone concentration is 4 mg/L, HIV with a titer of 106CID50/mL can be completely inactivated, and the virus titer drops by 6%. numerical value.
Ozone on fungi
Wang Huaming et al. reported that when the ozone concentration is 9.6 mg/L, the killing rate of Aspergillus versicolor and Pseudomonas paucicolor reaches 100% in 100 minutes, and the killing rate of Cladosporium cereus is 23 mg/L in 30 minutes, and Penicillium penicillium is 12.5 mg/L. L acts for 35 minutes, Penicillium citrinum acts for 30 minutes at 15.4 mg/L, and Fusarium oxysporum acts for 20 minutes at 15.5 mg/L, all of which can reach 100% inactivation rate. For Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria tenuispora, Mucor javanica, etc., the inactivation rate reaches 96.4% when the ozone concentration is 3.85-10.7mg/L for 10-20 minutes. Wu Xuezhou et al. found that the killing rate of ozone against Penicillium within 30 minutes was 93.8%, and the killing rate against Mucor was 100%. Bai Xiyao et al. reported that an ozone aqueous solution with a concentration of 15mg/L acted for 1 minute, which can kill 100% of the bacteria. Aspergillus niger and yeast in ground kill test.
Ozone on protozoa
Finch et al. compared the inactivation effect of ozone on Giardia lamblia and Giardia murine species at 22°C. When the Ct value was 0.86 mg.min/L, Giardia murine species could be reduced by 4 log value, when the Ct value is 2.5mg.min/L, Giardia lamblia can be reduced by 4 log values. Korich et al. compared the inactivation effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in purified water. The test showed that 1 ppm of ozone can inactivate 90% of the oocysts in 5 minutes, and 1.3 ppm of chlorine dioxide can inactivate 90% of the oocysts. It takes 1 hour to act, and 80ppm chlorine needs 1.5 hours to achieve the same effect.
